Showing posts with label Health myths. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Health myths. Show all posts

Healthicines and Medicines

The top 6 causes of death in the USA are: heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, stroke, accidents and Alzheimer's disease. The top 6 causes of disability are arthritis (and other musculoskeletal problems), heart disease and stroke, cancer, mental health problems (depression, bipolar, etc), diabetes and nervous system disorders. 
We can see that heart disease and stroke are at the top of both lists.  Heart disease and stroke are, for the most part, illnesses of the circulatory system and although they are classified separately, they have virtually the same causes.  Second is cancer. Chronic lower respiratory disease is a combination of degenerative illnesses, typically caused by environment or choices. Accidents are accidental.  
Mental health problems are next on the list of serious illness.  Followed by diabetes and then nervous system disorders (MS, Parkinsons, ALS , epilepsy, etc).  Note: mental health problems are probably often nervous system disorders. 
So, the top 5 medical problems are in priority sequence: circulatory system illnesses (heart attack and stroke), cancers, nervous system disorders (including mental health issues), arthritis and diabetes.  
What does our medical system know about these priority illnesses?  Primary cause?  Best treatment?  Best preventative? 
We can easily figure out the main point. Inflammation.  The primary indicator of circulatory illness, leading to heart attack or stroke, is inflammation.  The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine report Why Cancer and Inflammation? suggests that "inflammation may be an ancillary, or perhaps inseparable, aspect of tumor development." Arthritis is Greek for 'joint inflammation'.  Diabetes develops when the immune system attacks cells in the pancreas - inflammation. 
So what does the medical system know about inflammation?  Only two things.  1. It is linked to the cause of every major illness.  2. The only medicines to treat inflammation operate by 'decreasing the inflammation'. 
Note: Inflammation is not the cause.  It is a symptom.  
This leads us to the first myth of medicines. 

Medical Myth #1:  The Drug Myth

That illnesses are most effectively treated by the right drugs. The healthy facts?  No-one suffers from a deficiency of drugs. All illness is the result of a deficiency, or an excess.  Many of us suffer from deficiencies and excesses of nutrients.  For healthy people - any amount of a drug is 'an excess', why should it change when you are ill?  If you are ill, a responsible health system will first try to determine what deficiencies, and what excesses might be causing your illness, so that the illness can be removed by direct action.  Drugs are indirect actions, that do not treat the cause of the illness, but instead re-direct the illness in the hope that your body can recover.  Sometimes, this is an effective action, but in many cases it simply alters the symptoms, not the illness. 
The second myth has been under our noses for 40 years. 

Medical Myth #2: The War Against Cancer

Despite 40 years of propaganda, there is no war against cancer.  If there was a war against cancer, we would be prepared to pull out all the stops.  To monitor all cases of cancer, all treatments, all preventatives, and all cures.  But we don't. If someone cures cancer by non-conventional means, they are ignored.  If a doctor or medical clinic claims to treat or cure cancers by non-conventional means, they are censored, banned and possibly jailed. No one looks seriously at the numbers.  No one looks seriously at the claims.   If there was a war against, for example, breast cancer, we would know, or undertake a comprehensive effort to find the best way to detect breast cancer.  Unfortunately the opposite is true.  I know of three standard ways to detect breast cancer.  One of them is the 'gold standard' - mammogram. It has a terribly high false positive rate and only detects cancers when they are significantly advanced. Two other techniques are 'not available at our location', perhaps due to the NIH (National Institute of Heath? or was that Not Invented Here). 
The third medical myth is the fake cure for the primary cause of death - heart attack and stroke. 

Medical Myth #3:  The Cholesterol Myth

The primary cause of circulatory diseases (heart attach and stroke) is high cholesterol.  The best preventative of heart attack and stroke is to reduce cholesterol, thru diet and drugs. This is a myth.  It has always been known as a myth, but it is a myth that sellls drugs, and sales are more important than truth.  
What science has shown: when arteries are damaged, our bodies seal the damage with plaque, consisting partly of cholesterol.  Like a scab. Statins are drugs that reduce cholesterol.  So what happens to the damaged areas of our arteries if your body can't seal them? There is considerable evidence that the use of statin drugs has created an increase in heart disease, not a decrease.
The evidence indicates that high cholesterol may be like a warning light in your car.  It tells you that something is wrong.  Taking drugs to reduce your cholesterol is like cutting the wire to the light. The light stops blinking - and you have no idea what is going to happen next.  But that's not all.  Statin drugs also damage your muscles and nerves. A very small amount of a statin drug, 5mg per day, can kill a person. 
We might hope that our government would protect us from dangerous drugs, like statins, but beware the fourth myth. 

Medical Myth #4: The FDA uses RISK Analysis to Protect Your Health

Although the FDA often claims that their actions are 'to protect you from risk', nothing could be farther from the truth.  Protection from risk requires a scientific risk analysis. We need protection from the FDA!  Protection from the FDA requires a published risk analysis process with processes for review as required and procedures for challenges.  A true scientific risk analysis needs to measure two things: the risk of action vs the risk of inaction.  If the FDA is considering whether or not to approve a treatment, product, chemical, etc. , there is the risk that approval will harm the public - and the risk that disapproval or delay will harm the public.  

It is perfectly clear that the FDA only examines risk from one side when we read their standard protocol, which states clearly All health products are forbidden, unless specifically approved. The FDA creates risk, without measuring risk, when they banning ingredients and products without analysis. 

But enough about drugs.  If you are not on drugs, or if you are, you have undoubtedly heard discussions of the fifth medical myth.

Medical Myth #5: Flu vaccine protects you and your family

There are several issues to consider here.  First of all, there is considerable scientific disagreement as to whether any vaccines work at all. There is no overwhelming evidence that vaccines work - and considerable evidence that they do not work as suggested.  It is clearly understood by the scientific community that if vaccines do work, they absolutely do NOT work for everyone. Second, several prior years history with the Flu vaccine have demonstrated that the vaccine has not provided protection against the flu. The scientific analysis shows who is LEAST LIKELY to be helped by the flu virus?  The elderly - the primary target of flu virus marketing campaigns. 
Third, vaccines are dangerous proteins, injected into your body.  As such, you must be protected against the possibility of contamination with other micro-organisms.  So, flu vaccines are prepared with a high concentration of toxins to ensure no dangerous microbes can survive.  No one adequately measures the effects of these toxins on people (guinea pigs) who take the flu vaccine.
There have been several cases where flu vaccines were found to have dangerous chemicals or organisms that were not intended, possibly due to the desire to create a large amount of flu vaccine in a short amount of time.  Last, but by no means least, every flu vaccine is designed based on "last year's flu virus".  Flu evolves every year, so a vaccine against last year's flu can easily be totally ineffective for this year's flu.  The result is that a flu vaccine is un-tested against the flu that is coming, contains toxic chemicals that are untested on humans, and has not been evaluated by the FDA before it is released on the public.  As noted in Myth #3, the FDA does not evaluate the risk of the vaccine, and it does not evaluate the risk of non-vaccination.  In fact, the FDA makes this perfectly clear in their policy that NO CLAIMS can be made against vaccine manufacturers for damage caused. 
We need to replace our medical paradigm with a health paradigm.  A health paradigm will replace medicines with healthicines. 

Healthicine - The art and science of creating and improving healthiness

Medicine is a thoroughly studied field, perhaps excessively studied. Healthicine is not even a word in most dictionaries.  
Healthicine is the art and science of creating and optimizing healthiness.  Medicine is  small subset of healthicine.  Medicine only applies when you are ill.  Healthicine applies when you are healthy and when you are ill.  
Healthicine #1: Everyone has a right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of healthiness
The FDA does not know what is good for your health.  Their current rules ban everything that is not explicitly approved, clearly an unhealthy situation. The same situation exists in Canada and Europe. No one knows what is best for your health - you are an individual, living in individual circumstances.  Only you can decide what is good for your health - and you have a right to make those decisions. 

Healthicine #2: Your doctor doesn't know what's best for your health

Doctors don't study healthiness. There is no 'doctorate of healthiness' in any university.  "Doctors of Health Sciences" don't study health - they study medical administration. Remember that fifty-percent of doctors are below average. And fifty-percent of doctors are above average.  But even those who are above average have not studied healthiness - they are above average in their studies of illness.

Doctors disagree. Which doctor disagrees with your doctor?  Who decides? Only you can decide.  When you are 'not sick', your doctor has nothing to say. Doctors are trained in diagnosing illness as a first step.  This is so ingrained in their training that, even if you are healthy - they will look for signs of illness, not signs of healthiness. If you are ill, your doctor has no resource to compare various medical and health alternatives and make a solid guiding decision. Your doctor can only make a recommendation based on limited, often out of date, information and propaganda.  Medical alternatives are seldom compared to each other except in so called 'clinical studies', which are designed to market a specific product.

When you are healthy, and when you are sick, only you can decide what's best for your health.  You have a right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of healthiness.  You make the final decisions.  It's your life.  It's your right.

Healthicine #3: The Food Myth


The food myth is the myth, touted by many so called 'health professionals', doctors, dieticians and other apologists, that the way to perfect health is a healthy diet, and, if you are not healthy, it's your fault, because your diet is unhealthy.  This is one of the most common health myths - and most absurd.  Fact: Eating the right foods is an excellent start to meeting your nutritional needs.  However, it is insufficient and eating the wrong foods can be dangerous. The New York times Q&A recently answered the following question: 

With this, appropriate response: "Probably not, on both counts."  Of course they are a bit careful in their answer, but the truth is, if you want to optimize your healthiness - you need supplements.  An optimal healthy diet is not  possible.  And if it was  - we would probably not be able consume it every day due to normal societal constraints. 


Healthicine #4: The Theory of Illness

The primary causes of every illness is an imbalance.  Either a deficiency or an excess. Under normal circumstances, an imbalance is simply an unhealthiness - when it is too severe, or carries on for too long, it can develop into an illness. 

This concept may seem trivial.  It is trivial.  But once we accept it, understand it, and apply it to our search for healthiness - we gain important insights into illness and healthiness that are otherwise not visible. 

There might be an imbalance of nutrients, a deficiency or an excess.  Or it might be a toxin, which has a balance point of zero and can only be zero or in excess.  Drugs are normally toxic - and any amount is an excess unless they are used to treat an illness.  There might also be an imbalance of exercise, stress, process, and senses.  We know that exercise is generally healthy - and can be deficient.  It can also be excessive, resulting in stress illnesses. Too little stress, or too much stress is an imbalance.  A pulse rate that is too slow, a breath rate that is too fast, or too irregular are imbalances.   Excessive sensitivity of hearing, vision, touch are also unhealthy imbalances. 

In many cases, if an imbalance is detected and adjusted at an early stage, a healthy body can recover completely. However, in some cases, at some point, an imbalance, an  unhealthiness or illness, can become so severe that it causes permanent damage or disability. Some illnesses can be cured and healed completely.  Some are so severe that the patient can never recover completely. 

A single imbalance or illness can be simple, not connected to any other illness.  Or several primary illnesses can combine or chain together to create more complex illnesses.  This is more likely the longer an illness exists without being addressed. 

Healthicine #5: Cleaner is healthier


Cleanliness is next to Godliness.  And it's true.  But it is possible to be too clean.  We learn this as our environment becomes 'cleaner and cleaner' and we all become sicker and sicker.  Is that so strange?  Ashes to ashes.  Dust to dust.  We came from the earth.  Our bodies are living, breathing, walking, talking clumps of dirt.  We need to keep clean to protect our bodies from foreign invaders.  But too clean? Too clean and we kill the many cooperative organisms that help us to live, breath, digest and survive.  Too clean and we risk illness and early death. 

We nuke our foods. We cook them, we microwave them, we treat them with radioactivity, we pasteurize them and UHT them.  There is a small movement to consume raw foods, but many people think they are 'not clean' enough. The FDA thinks they are not 'clean enough'.  So they pass laws against raw foods. Raw milk is one example.  GreenMedInfo reminds us of the amazing healing properties of fermented foods. Fermented foods are not just healing when you are sick.  They are healthicines when you are sick and when you are healthy. 

Healthicine #6: Myth: There are medicines, and alternative medicines

There are healthicines - things that make you healthier when you are healthy and healthier when you are sick.  And there are medicines - things that manipulate your symptoms, or your illness, in the hope that your body can more easily recover.  There is no difference between a medicine and an alternative medicine.  Both are foreign to your body.  Both are designed to create an abnormal reaction to an illness.  The only difference is in the advertising. 

I'm not saying medicines are not effective.  Many medicines are remarkably effective.  Many 'conventional medicines' are remarkably effective, and many so called 'alternative medicines' are remarkably effective.  I wish we had a 'medical system', that could help us choose the most effective medicine for specific illnesses. It is an unfortunate circumstance that our medical profession is, for the most part, not interested in the truth - and as a result it dismisses a large number of potentially effective treatments as 'alternative' treatments. GreenMedInfo is a valuable source of information about the value of alternative treatments. It is a shame that our so called 'medical system' often ignores, devalues or dismisses this information.  In doing so, our medical systems diminish our health and our choices. When we realize that alternative medicines an conventional medicines are both medicines, that need to be treated and studied as equals, we will have a healthier society.  GreenMedInfo is helping us to work towards that goal. 

How you can you tell the difference between a healthicine and a medicine?  A medicine is designed to help you when you are sick.  A healthicine makes you healthier - even when you are healthy.  Are medicines toxic?  Are healthicines toxic?  Everything is toxic in excess.  Water is toxic.  Calories are toxic.  Too much exercise is toxic.  Too much sleep is toxic. Most medicines are toxic by nature.  eg.  The smallest amount is toxic, when you are healthy.  There is no 'healthy amount' of a medicine - if you are not sick.  

Myths

1. Eggs Are Unhealthy
There’s one thing that nutrition professionals have had remarkable success with… and that is demonizing incredibly healthy foods. The worst example of that is eggs, which happen to contain a large amount of cholesterol and were therefore considered to increase the risk of heart disease.
But recently it has been proven that the cholesterol in the diet doesn’t really raise the cholesterol in blood. In fact, eggs primarily raise the “good” cholesterol and are NOT associated with increased risk of heart disease (12).
What we’re left with is one of the most nutritious foods on the planet. They’re high in all sorts of nutrients along with unique antioxidants that protect our eyes (3). To top it all of, despite being a “high fat” food, eating eggs for breakfast is proven to cause significant weight loss compared to bagels for breakfast (4,5).
Bottom Line: Eggs do not cause heart disease and are among the most nutritious foods on the planet. Eggs for breakfast can help you lose weight.
2. Saturated Fat is Bad For You
A few decades ago it was decided that the epidemic of heart disease was caused by eating too much fat, in particular saturated fat. This was based on highly flawed studies and political decisions that have now been proven to be completely wrong.
A massive review article published in 2010 looked at 21 prospective epidemiological studies with a total of 347.747 subjects. Their results: absolutely no association between saturated fat and heart disease (6).
The idea that saturated fat raised the risk of heart disease was an unproven theory that somehow became conventional wisdom (7). Eating saturated fat raises the amount of HDL (the “good”) cholesterol in the blood and changes the LDL from small, dense LDL (very bad) to Large LDL, which is benign (89).
Meat, coconut oil, cheese, butter… there is absolutely no reason to fear these foods.
Bottom Line: Newer studies have proven that saturated fat does not cause heart disease. Natural foods that are high in saturated fat are good for you.
3. Everybody Should be Eating Grains
The idea that humans should be basing their diets on grains has never made sense to me. The agricultural revolution happened fairly recently in human evolutionary history and our genes haven’t changed that much.
Grains are fairly low in nutrients compared to other real foods like vegetables. They are also rich in a substance called phytic acid which binds essential minerals in the intestine and prevents them from being absorbed (10).
The most common grain in the western diet, by far, is wheat… and wheat can cause a host of health problems, both minor and serious. Modern wheat contains a large amount of a protein called gluten, but there is evidence that a significant portion of the population may be sensitive to it (111213).
Eating gluten can damage the intestinal lining, cause pain, bloating, stool inconsistency and tiredness (1415). Gluten consumption has also been associated with schizophrenia and cerebellar ataxia, both serious disorders of the brain (1617).
Bottom Line: Grains are relatively low in nutrients compared to other real foods like vegetables. The gluten grains in particular may lead to a variety of health problems.
4. Eating a Lot of Protein is Bad For Your Bones and Kidneys
A high protein diet has been claimed to cause both osteoporosis and kidney disease.
It is true that eating protein increases calcium excretion from the bones in the short term, but the long term studies actually show the opposite effect.
In the long term, protein has a strong association with improved bone health and a lower risk of fracture (1819). Additionally, studies don’t show any association of high protein with kidney disease in otherwise healthy people (2021).
In fact, two of the main risk factors for kidney failure are diabetes and high blood pressure. Eating a high protein diet improves both (2223). If anything, a high protein diet should be protective against osteoporosis and kidney failure!
Bottom Line: Eating a high protein diet is associated with improved bone health and a lower risk of fracture. High protein also lowers blood pressure and improves diabetes symptoms, which should lower the risk of kidney failure.
5. Low-Fat Foods Are Good For You
Do you know what regular food tastes like when all the fat has been taken out of it? Well, it tastes like cardboard. No one would want to eat it.
The food manufacturers know this and therefore they add other things to compensate for the lack of fat. Usually these are sweeteners… sugar, high fructose corn syrup or artificial sweeteners like aspartame.
We’ll get to the sugar in a moment, but I’d like to point out that even though artificial sweeteners don’t have calories, the evidence does NOT suggest that they are better for you than sugar.
In fact, many observational studies show a consistent, highly significant association with various diseases like obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, heart disease, premature delivery and depression (242526).
In these low-fat products, healthy natural fats are being replaced with substances that are extremely harmful.
Bottom Line: Low-fat foods are usually highly processed products loaded with sugar, corn syrup or artificial sweeteners. They are extremely unhealthy.
6. You Should Eat Many Small Meals Throughout The Day
The idea that you should eat many small meals throughout the day in order to “keep metabolism high” is a persistent myth that doesn’t make any sense.
It is true that eating raises your metabolism slightly while you’re digesting the meal, but it’s the total amount of food that determines the energy used, NOT the number of meals.
This has actually been put to the test and refuted multiple times. Controlled studies where one group eats many small meals and the other the same amount of food in fewer meals show that there is literally no difference between the two (2728). In fact, one study in obese men revealed that eating 6 meals per day led to less feelings of fullness compared to 3 meals (29).
Not only is eating so often practically useless for most of the people out there, it may even be harmful. It is not natural for the human body to be constantly in the fed state. In nature, we used to fast from time to time and we didn’t eat nearly as often as we do today.
When we don’t eat for a while, a cellular process called autophagy cleans waste products out of our cells (30). Fasting or not eating from time to time is good for you. Several observational studies show a drastically increased risk of colon cancer (4th most common cause of cancer death), numbers going as high as a 90% increase for those who eat 4 meals per day compared to 2 (313233).
Bottom Line: There is no evidence that eating many small meals throughout the day is better than fewer, bigger meals. Not eating from time to time is good for you. Increased meal frequency is associated with colon cancer.
7. Carbs Should Be Your Biggest Source of Calories
The mainstream view is that everyone should eat a low-fat diet, with carbs being around 50-60% of total calories. This sort of diet contains a lot of grains and sugars, with very small amounts of fatty foods like meat and eggs. This type of diet may work well for some people, especially those who are naturally lean.
But for those who are obese, have the metabolic syndrome or diabetes, this amount of carbohydrates is downright dangerous. This has actually been studied extensively. A low-fat, high-carb diet has been compared to a low-carb, high-fat diet in multiple randomized controlled trials.
The results are consistently in favor of low-carb, high-fat diets (343536).
Bottom Line: The low-fat, high-carb diet is a miserable failure and has been proven repeatedly to be vastly inferior to lower-carb, higher-fat diets.
8. High Omega-6 Seed and Vegetable Oils Are Good For You
Polyunsaturated fats are considered healthy because some studies show that they lower your risk of heart disease.
But there are many types of polyunsaturated fats and they are not all the same. Most importantly, we have both Omega-3 fatty acids and Omega-6 fatty acids.
Omega-3s are anti-inflammatory and lower your risk of many diseases related to inflammation (37). Humans actually need to get Omega-6s and Omega-3s in a certain ratio. If the ratio is too high in favor of Omega-6, it can cause problems (38).
By far the biggest sources of Omega-6 in the modern diet are processed seed and vegetable oils like soybean, corn and sunflower oils. Throughout evolution, humans never had access to such an abundance of Omega-6 fats. It is unnatural for the human body.
Research that specifically looks at Omega-6 fatty acids instead of polyunsaturated fats in general shows that they actually increase the risk of heart disease (3940). Eat your Omega-3s and consider supplementing with cod fish liver oil, but avoid the industrial seed and vegetable oils.
Bottom Line: Humans need to get Omega-6 and Omega-3 fats in a certain ratio. Eating excess Omega-6 from seed oils raises your risk of disease.
9. Low Carb Diets Are Dangerous
I personally believe low-carb diets to be a potential cure for many of the most common health problems in western nations.
The low-fat diet peddled all around the world is fairly useless against many of these diseases. It simply does not work.
However, low-carb diets (demonized by nutritionists and the media) have repeatedly been shown to lead to much better outcomes.
Every randomized controlled trial on low-carb diets shows that they:
  1. Reduce body fat more than calorie-restricted low-fat diets, even though the low-carb dieters are allowed to eat as much as they want (4142).
  2. Lower blood pressure significantly (4344).
  3. Lower blood sugar and improve symptoms of diabetes much more than low-fat diets (45464748).
  4. Increase HDL (the good) cholesterol much more (4950).
  5. Lower triglycerides much more than low-fat diets (515253).
  6. Change the pattern of LDL (bad) cholesterol from small, dense (very bad) to Large LDL, which is benign (5455).
  7. Low carb diets are also easier to stick to, probably because they don’t require you to restrict calories and be hungry all the time. More people in the low-carb groups make it to the end of the studies (5657).
Many of the health professionals that are supposed to have our best interest in mind have the audacity to claim that these diets are dangerous, then continue to peddle their failed low-fat dogma that is hurting more people than it helps.
Bottom Line: Low-carb diets are the healthiest, easiest and most effective way to lose weight and reverse metabolic disease. It is a scientific fact.
10. Sugar is Unhealthy Because it Contains “Empty” Calories
It is commonly believed that sugar is bad for you because it contains empty calories. It’s true, sugar has a lot of calories with no essential nutrients. But that is just the tip of the iceberg.
Sugar, primarily because of its high fructose content, affects metabolism in a way that sets us up for rapid fat gain and metabolic disease. Fructose gets metabolized by the liver and turned into fat which is secreted into the blood as VLDL particles. This leads to elevated triglycerides and cholesterol (5859).
It also causes resistance to the hormones insulin and leptin, which is a stepping stone towards obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes (6061).
This is just to name a few. Sugar causes a relentless biochemical drive for humans to eat more and get fat. It is probably the single worst ingredient in the standard western diet.
Bottom Line: The harmful effects of sugar go way beyond empty calories. Sugar wreaks havoc on our metabolism and sets us up for weight gain and many serious diseases.
11. High Fat Foods Will Make You Fat
It seems kind of intuitive that eating fat would make you get fat. The stuff that is gathering under our skin and making us look soft and puffy is fat. So… eating fat should give our bodies even more of it.
But it isn’t that simple. Despite fat having more calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein, high-fat diets do not make people fat. As with anything, this depends on the context. A diet that is high in fat AND high in carbs will make you fat, but it’s NOT because of the fat.
In fact, diets that are high in fat (and low in carbs) cause much greater fat loss than diets that are low in fat (626364).

Health Myths

Myth 1 The ambulance will be here in a minute.
Not if you've only just called it, it won't. In England, for example, the target response-time for life threatening emergencies is eight minutes, and that's only for 75% of all incidents – which is easily enough time for a casualty to become a corpse.
Myth 2 It's better to do nothing than risk making things worse.
"If someone is bleeding and you do nothing, they'll lose too much blood, go into shock and die," points out St John's Isobel Kearl. "If someone is unconscious and breathing, but not in the recovery position, they could choke on their tongue or vomit. Importantly, if someone is unconscious and not breathing and you do nothing, they will still be unconscious and not breathing."
Myth 3 If you have a nosebleed, you should tilt your head back.
It's news to 30% of us, according to St John, but this may cause blood to run into the throat and lead to nausea and vomiting. Instead, tilt your head forward, pinch your nostrils shut and breathe through your mouth. If you're still bleeding 30 minutes later, go to hospital.
Myth 4 Heart attack victims should lie down, rather than sit up.
One in 10 of us believes this is a good idea, but it can make it harder to breathe. A half-sitting position with their knees bent and head and shoulders supported is best.
Myth 5 If an arm or leg is bleeding heavily, you should tie a tight tourniquet above the injury.
Although 58% assume we should do this, it could stop all blood flow and cause tissue damage. Instead put pressure on the wound with a dressing, and raise it.
Myth 6 You must never, ever move someone after a traffic accident, even if they're not breathing.
It's all very well to worry about spinal injuries (as 43% of us would), but it's more important to make sure they're breathing. If they are unconcious check their airway is clear by tilting the head and lifting their chin.
Myth 7 If a child drinks bleach, make them vomit.
This can cause more damage as the vomit leaves the body. Call 999, and let them sip cold milk or water if they have burnt lips from corrosive substances.
Myth 8 If someone is choking on a foreign object, they'll appreciate a couple of fingers down the throat.
This could actually push the obstruction down further. Instead, smack them firmly between the shoulderblades. If that doesn't clear the blockage, you may have to try the Heimlich manoeuvre, also known as "abdominal thrusts". This can cause internal damage, however, and anyone who's been on the wrong end of it should be checked over afterwards. While we're at it, Joe Mulligan of the British Red Cross points out that it's not a good idea to suspend a choking child by their feet. "Not only can it be very traumatic," he says, "it could also result in head injury if the child is dropped."
Myth 9 If someone is having an epileptic seizure, put something in their mouth – a spoon, perhaps.
This is supposed to stop them biting their tongue – but, says Kearl, "they're likely to break their teeth, or the object itself – and then choke on the pieces. And you could get bitten while you're doing it." The best thing is to cushion the area with something such as a coat or blanket, and remove bystanders and hazards such as hot drinks. When the convulsions stop, check their breathing and place them in the recovery position.
Myth 10 If someone feels faint, put their head between their legs.
They may simply fall forwards. Instead, lie them down and raise their legs to increase blood flow to the brain. Make sure they have plenty of fresh air.