Why Do Bodyweight Exercises?
Cardio (aerobic) exercises definitely have their benefits, but building muscle is equally important and often overlooked. Bodyweight exercises are a type of strength training, which helps rebuild muscle wear and tear that develops as we age. Numerous studies show that building lean muscle mass is also great for your heart, blood vessels, lungs, hormone production and even brain activity.
Various studies link different forms of strength training to: (
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- More lean muscle mass
- Healthier blood cholesterol levels
- Healthier blood pressure levels
- Lower stress levels
- Better sleep
- More energy
- Increased oxygen use by muscles
- Reduced joint and bone pain
- Removal of metabolic waste from muscles during resting periods
- Increased insulin sensitivity
- Increased resting metabolic rate
- Reduced risk of stroke, acute coronary syndrome and overall cardiovascular mortality
Another little-known benefit of bodyweight exercises and other forms of strength training is that they help reverse the negative effects that chronic dieting, or “yo-yo dieting,” can have on the body. You’re probably thinking, “Aren’t diets supposed to help improve your body composition?” Supposed to, yes, but consider this: Someone who has been dieting for years loses muscle tissue from both the process of aging and from a low-calorie diet that doesn’t supply enough nutrients to muscles to help them stay strong. Muscle is critical for maintaining a healthy weight because it’s actually metabolically active tissue, requiring more calories than fat just to be sustained.
How much strength training do you need to do each week? Most authorities recommend:
- Performing strength-training exercises at least two to three times per week. Each should be a “full-body workout” ideally, which uses multiple big muscle groups (like your back, legs, chest and core) to get the most bang for your buck.
- For each strength workout, aim to do eight to 10 different exercises, varying the muscles that each one targets. Each exercise is done in one set, and within each set you should perform eight to 12 reps.
- After completing your strength workouts, make sure to also stretch at least two to three days a week to prevent injuries and increase range of motion, flexibility and recovery time.
6 Benefits of Bodyweight Exercises
Whether or not weight loss, or even weight gain, is your primary goal, keep in mind that bodyweight exercises have benefits that are far beyond just improving your appearance. Here are several ways that doing bodyweight exercises can help you maintain better cognitive, immune, cardiovascular and hormonal health:
1. Help Build and Maintain Lean Muscle Mass
As you’ve learned, building strength is crucial for maintaining a strong metabolism as you age, since it increases lean muscle mass that naturally declines as someone gets older. Muscle mass plays a significant role in maintaining a healthy weight and general metabolic functions — for example, helping with insulin sensitivity, thyroid function and hormonal balance. Generally the more lean muscle you hold on your frame, the higher your
basal metabolic rate is, which means you need more calories just to maintain your weight on any given day.
Ever notice that muscular athletes can get away with eating a lot? It’s not just that they’re training for many hours a day; muscles also burn more calories than fat does. When you build more muscle, you burn more fat even when you’re at rest or simply sleeping! Bodyweight exercises can also result in increased
growth hormone production. Growth hormones are often referred to as our natural fountains of youth, because they’re what help us retain lean body mass and fat-burning abilities.
Finally, if you simply enjoy cardio workouts like running or swimming more than strength exercises, here’s some good news: Lifting weights of any kind gives you enhanced strength and performance, which provides more power for all sorts of exercises. For example, building strength in the back or core comes in handy when you’re running, while strengthening the shoulders is useful for swimming.
2. Improve Heart Health
Exercise of any kind causes the heart to pump blood stronger and more effectively, which
reduces blood pressure levels naturally and improves circulation. The heart is strengthened just like any other muscle when it’s routinely put under more pressure, so it adapts by gaining the ability to do its job better.
Strength-training exercises are also tied to healthier blood cholesterol levels and less risk for a heart attack or stroke. (
4) In fact, regular strength-building exercise is tied to increased longevity in general — even protection from cancer — since it prevents muscles from wasting and down regulation in the metabolism. (
5) Even patients recovering from heart attacks or heart disease are now advised to do weekly dynamic resistance exercises to build back heart strength and endurance safely. (
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3. Reduce Risk for Diabetes
Exercise is a
natural remedy for diabetes since it helps with removal of glucose (sugar) from the blood, ushering the glucose into your muscles to be as stored as
glycogen and used for energy at a later time. Another benefit of this process is that it prevents a high level of glycation end products from accumulating in the bloodstream, which over time can damage blood vessels, organs and tissues. (
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4. Improve Your Mood and fights Depression
Some people refer to exercise as the body’s natural Prozac, since it biologically reduces stress and is tied to improvements in self-esteem, confidence, the ability to problem solve, better sleep and emotional health. When you exercise, your body releases endorphins, chemicals that give you a natural high and lift your mood, helping
naturally remedy depression and improve low energy levels. (
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5. Help Maintain Cognitive Function
Strength training is often tied to longevity and a reduction in DNA damage due to the anti-aging effects of muscle mass. The hormone BDNF, which is stimulated by exercise, helps brain cells regenerate even as someone becomes older. Exercise also lowers oxidative stress and inflammation, which are tied to cognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, dementia and so on. (
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6. Improve Health of Joints and Bones
Increasing muscle mass offers protection of joints and bones, since stronger muscles mean that you rely less on your joints to move around. Exercising has been shown to help
improve pain in the back, ankles, knees and hips, while also increasing bone strength and density. Weight-bearing exercises increase your body’s fortification of bone reserves and protect your skeletal frame, which is crucial for preventing fractures, falls and bone loss into older age (especially for women who are at a higher risk for osteoporosis). (
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Bodyweight Exercises vs. Weight Machines
One of the common reasons that people avoid
weight training, especially women, is that it can be intimidating. Weight machines at the gym, or even free weights you can use in your home, offer all the same benefits of bodyweight exercises because they build strength, but they also require an investment into buying the equipment and a bit more knowledge about how to use the equipment properly, which might mean needing to meet with a trainer. There’s also the belief that weight machines offer a more narrow range of motion and target only specific muscle groups at once, but certain bodyweight exercises, and using free weights too, might be better for working numerous muscles simultaneously, including in different directions. (
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For people new to strength training, bodyweight exercises are extremely accessible, convenient and modifiable. You don’t need any equipment or gym membership to do them, only your own body and enough space to jump around a bit. They’re simple enough that people can do them on their own without supervision and still be mostly safe from injuries. Compared to using heavy
free weights or machines, using your own body is more forgiving and allows you to easily adjust the exercise to your ability level.
Many women are also fearful that lifting weights of any kind will change their body composition in a way that makes them look more masculine and less feminine. Scared that you’ll “bulk up” if you focus too much on building strength, instead of burning calories? But this just isn’t true — the female body is naturally great at becoming leaner, more toned and stronger, but not so much at putting on large amounts of noticeable muscle like men do. (
12) Most women actually become smaller and “tighter” when adding in strength workouts to their routines because they tend to lose fat, plus muscle takes up less space than fat does despite weighing more.
That brings us to a good point.
How about doing
cardio workouts aimed at burning calories — how do those compare to strength-training or bodyweight exercises?
Building muscle helps keep your metabolism revved up, but simply doing more cardio doesn’t have the same effect. In fact, cardio can have the opposite effect, especially if you do too much of it without enough rest. Long cardio workouts might increase oxidative stress and joint damage, which leads to injuries, pains and illness. Ordinary steady-state cardio workouts — like running, swimming or cycling — are great ways to improve endurance, stamina and heart health while busting stress, but alone they can leave you prone to muscle-wasting due to aging and
overtraining. (
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It can depress the immune system, largely by raising cortisol levels and inflaming the body. Some studies have found that adults who do lots of cardio exercise (such as avid runners) can maintain general fitness well from aerobic activity, but they also tend to lose a certain amount of muscle mass from their untrained areas. For example, in runners, their muscles might stay the same size and carry the same strength in their legs, but muscle mass can decrease in their core and arms.
Long-term cardio, such as running marathons, might also have other effects over time like joint wear-out, bone loss, or altering hormone levels and neurotransmitter function. (
14) A better idea? Build muscle throughout the
whole body (while also preventing injuries, boredom or burn-out) by alternating cardio workouts with strength or bodyweight training.
Will Bodyweight Exercises Make You Lose Weight?
Yes and no. Everyone is different when it comes to the effects that exercise will have on their body composition, plus other factors like your diet, sleep and stress levels play a big part in whether or not you’ll
lose weight fast, or even at all, in any given period. However, contrary to popular belief, adding bodyweight exercises to your weekly routine will likely give you better results than doing traditional cardio alone, and they’re certainly more likely to make you leaner than doing no exercise at all. (
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Most studies have found that cardio workouts that are “steady-state” — meaning they’re done at the same intensity for the duration of the workout without any sprints/intense periods — usually have a lower metabolic and fat-burning potential than strength-training or
HIIT workouts do. (
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Building muscle can help with fat metabolism and can decrease cortisol levels, which are usually elevated in most stressed-out adults. Lowered
cortisol levels help repair insulin sensitivity, which boosts your natural fat-burning potential. You might also be able to control your food intake and cravings better when you’re working on building strength, rather than just burning calories.
Cardio workouts (especially when you overtrain) are notorious for making people hungrier, which means long aerobic exercises might actually be antagonistic to weight loss. Studies have shown that most people end up eating more to make up for the calories they burn in cardio training, but some find that strength training doesn’t have the same effect.
Even when working on building muscle does make someone hungrier, luckily muscle mass requires more calories than fat and can come in handy if you increase your calorie intake. Plus, more muscle tone can help turn a woman’s body into an attractive hourglass figure by tightening the stomach, narrowing the waist, and shaping the glutes and legs. While bodyweight exercises might not cause a reduction on the scale, they’re going to change the way you look and feel in a good way.
In addition, eating enough to sustain a healthy bodyweight while also exercising helps prevent your body from entering “
starvation mode,” which can occur if you’re dieting to lose weight and trying to maintain a calorie deficit.
An unfortunate side effect of the “exercise more and eat less” equation that is often emphasized in the media is that when your exercise level is too high and you’re stressed out on top of that, your body may respond by down-regulating thyroid activity. And the slower your thyroid is working, the less likely you are to lose or maintain your weight since the thyroid hormone is crucial for an efficient metabolism.
How to Start Doing Bodyweight Exercises Now
Now that you know all the benefits of bodyweight exercises, let’s look at how you can get started. Overall, the idea is for you to integrate exercises that build strength all over, ideally by doing moves that use more than one body part (like push-ups, squats or
burpees). Keep thing simple at first and and time-efficient, since the more convenient your exercise routine is, the more likely you are to stick with it. That’s one of the top
exercise hacks there is.
Try creating your own circuit workout by combining 5–10 different bodyweight exercises below. Each can be done one after the other for the best results, without much rest in between. This gets your heart rate up quickly and gives you the benefits of a cardio workout at the same time.
After you go through a circuit of all 5–10 exercises, you can repeat the entire circuit again if you’re physically fit enough to so. If not, this is simply something to work toward. Do bodyweight exercise circuits 3–4 times per week, taking rest days in between (or alternating with cardio) to give your body time for proper
muscle recovery.
Bodyweight exercises to try include:
- sit-ups
- pull-ups
- push-ups
- lunges
- squats
- burpees
- tuck-jumps
- mountain climbers
- plank
- wall-sits
- chair pose
- limb-raises
- “supermans”
- tricep dips
- reverse fly
- bicycles
How do you know how many repetitions you should do? Do what feels right and always focus on form, while listening to your muscles for feedback. Usually 12–20 is a good number of reps to aim for, but it depends on your abilities and level of fitness.
Begin with light loads and slow speed to get proper form down, then increase difficulty if you can maintain proper form by doing more reps or performing the exercise at a quicker speed. Your muscles should be fatigued at the end but not in complete pain, strained or injured.
To keep things interesting, you might want to also invest in some simple at-home tools that make incorporating bodyweight or strength exercises throughout the day easier than ever:
- a pull-up bar (to hook onto a door at home)
- basic free weights or dumbbells
- a yoga mat
- stability ball
- BOSU ball
